| Sexual Health programs |
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STI's |
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Updating Sexual Transmitted Infection (STI) statistics Part 1
These statistics are quoted from Northern Territory Sexual Health and Blood Borne Virus Unit Surveillance Update Vol.11, No. 1 Jan-Mar & Apr-Jun 2010 issued by Centre for Disease Control Department of Health and Families. This audio dialogue features the number of STIs (Gonorrhoea, Chlamydia and Syphilis) of patients in NT by ethnicity. 10:09
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Updating Sexual Transmitted Infection (STI) statistics Part 2
These statistics are quoted from Northern Territory Sexual Health and Blood Borne Virus Unit Surveillance Update Vol.11, No. 1 Jan-Mar & Apr-Jun 2010 issued by Centre for Disease Control Department of Health and Families. This audio dialogue features the number of STIs (Gonorrhoea, Chlamydia and Syphilis) of patients in NT by district. Also updating the statistics of HIV patients in NT. 10:43
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What is an STI ?
A short dialogue between a Balanda doctor and a Yolngu man about the meaning of Sexually Transmitted Infection in Yolngu matha and ways these sicknesses can be transmitted 1:57
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Should I worry about STI's
Everyone needs to know about STI’s. They can make people sick in many ways and even affect the brain. STI’s can be passed to partners and even unborn children. 2:19
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Sexual Health for men: Chlamydia
This program begins with an introduction to what exactly STI’s are; the English words ‘Sexual’, ‘Transmitted’ and ‘Infection’ are all translated into Yolngu matha and the meanings discussed. The STI Chlamydia is introduced. As the presenters are both male, the symptoms of Chlamydia discussed are only in relation to men and using euphemisms as necessary to ensure all language is appropriate for radio. The program comes to an end with a clear description of how to treat Chlamydia with antibiotics.12:33
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Sexual Health for men: Gonorrhoea
This program begins with an introduction to what exactly STI’s are and the meaning of the English words ‘Sexual Transmitted Infections’. Gonorrhoea is introduced as an STI. The symptoms of gonorrhoea are described and discussed. The presenters are both male, so all descriptions are only in relation to men and using euphemisms as necessary to ensure all language is appropriate for radio. The program comes to an end with a clear description of how to treat Gonorrhoea with antibiotics. 09:45
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Sexual Health for men: Syphilis
Following a brief introduction to the meaning of STI’s, Syphilis is introduced. The presenters are both male and proceed with an in depth discussion of the symptoms and stages of Syphilis only in relation to men. Necessary euphemisms are used to ensure all language is appropriate for radio. The program ends with a clear description of the importance of treating Syphilis with antibiotics as quickly as possible. 16:40
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Sexual Health for men: Right Condom Usage: Part 1 - Friction 11:35
This series follows on from a previous series discussing the STI’s Chlamydia, Gonorrhoea and Syphilis. This series takes a deeper look at exactly how such STI’s are transmitted; expanding on the phrase ‘the exchange of sexual fluid’. Part one discusses the ‘friction’ of sexual intercourse and how it can cause skin to break subtly (and often invisibly), allowing for bacteria to pass into or from the male genitalia. Condoms are designed to stop this friction and prevent bacteria from passing to and from a man’s genitalia. This series is a discussion between a male ARDS educator and male Yolngu consultant. It is culturally appropriate that this program covers only the male story.
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Sexual Health for men: Right Condom Usage: Part 2 -
Pre-ejaculation fluid 9:30
This program discusses the fact that STI’s can be passed through pre-ejaculation fluid. It explains how this happens using the concept of ‘bämara’ meaning ‘accompany’ in English to describe bacteria that sits around the urethra and comes out when men ejaculate. This can happen with sperm and pre-ejaculation fluid. The discussion moves to condoms, with a brief look at the history of condoms and how their design has changed in order to cover the whole penis. This design prevents unwanted pregnancy and the spread of STI’s through both sperm and pre-ejaculation fluid, as well as friction as discussed in part 1.
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HIV and AIDS
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Immunity vs. HIV: Part 1 - Blood and Macrophages 11:30
This series of four programs begins by listening to one of ARDS educator’s view their blood through the microscope. The microscope shows that blood largely consists of red blood cells, white blood cells and water. The function of both red and white blood cells is introduced and explained briefly. Based on ARDS methodology of moving from the known to the unknown, the story of the boil is discussed as it is a common infection and provides a clear example for Yolŋu. The function of macrophages as “bacteria eaters ( lukanhamirri)” to fight against infection in the boil is discussed by using metaphors from the Yolŋu world view. The series then moves on to what happens if bacterial infections are so strong that macrophages are not able to them fight off.
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Immunity vs. HIV: Part 2 -
Dendritic cells, T-helper cells and T-killer cells 9:43
Using the metaphor of how Yolŋu social structures operate in a traditional battle, this program explains how our immune system fights against strong bacteria. Yolŋu name macrophages “bacteria eaters”, and have now named dendritic cells “messengers (dhäwu-gänhamirri)”. T-helper cells and T-killer cells are also discussed here. The function of these cells can be explained quite clearly for Yolŋu using some of the features of Yolŋu social structures.. T-helper cells are like the “buŋgawa” or leader of a Yolŋu clan group, which orders T-killer cells, or spear-makers (gara-djämamirri), to produce an antigen or ‘spear’ (gara). Our lymph nodes swell when we have a bacterial infection because our immune system is so busy producing antigens (or spears) and fighting the bacteria.
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Immunity vs. HIV: Part 3 -
HIV Attack 6:45
Beginning with a brief summary of our immune system protection (discussed in previous two programs), this story goes onto the next stage; ‘what happens if our immune system dies?’ This comes from the question, ‘what if HIV attacks Arnhem Land?’ HIV is described as quite skilful, like historically great warriors in Yolŋu history who would dash toward the enemies’ general and kill him straightaway- the enemies’ clan would then become out of control. HIV kills our T-helper cells and creates confusion in our body causing our immune system not to work properly. It is then as if the bacteria have a celebration of their victory in our boil or other infected areas, and the infection increases because there is nothing protecting us anymore.
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Immunity vs. HIV: Part 4 -
Opportunistic Infections 4:13
Even small cuts or sore throats which would usually heal naturally will sicken our body when our immune system breaks down. Without enough immunity in our body, we are susceptible to being infected by all sorts of harmful bacteria. Hereby the distinct definition of HIV/AIDS is discussed. AIDS is the condition of people whose immune system has collapsed. At the end of this series “Immunity vs. HIV”, one of ARDS Yolŋu consultants delivers a strong message for people in Arnhem Land saying that ‘even though HIV hasn’t invaded Arnhem Land yet, in 10 or 20 years it will reach us. It will wipe our races because we are a small number of people, unlike non-Yolŋu in Australia. We need to be educated to find ways to break through this future crisis”.
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HIV: So Doctor What Is This Aids Sickness ?
A brief definition of AIDS. Explanation of how the HIV turns into AIDS.1:56
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HIV: Is There Any Medicine To Cure AIDS?
Can HIV be cured by medicine? No, it cannot be cured, but there is very strong medicine available which, although it does not cure, can help to control the sicknesses and symptoms associated with HIV/AIDS. 2:01
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HIV: Where Does This Virus Come From ?
Where did the HIV/AIDS virus come from? The first known case was found in Africa and it is thought to have possibly come from monkeys. There are other diseases such as TB, small pox and influenza that have originated in animals and have been transferred to, and spread amongst humans 2:25
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HIV: How Did The Virus Get From Africa To Other Countries ?
Discussion of how HIV has spread from Africa to other continents across oceans. People travelling to and from Africa have caught the virus and carried it back to their own countries and infected other people. Because the virus does not obviously affect ones health immediately, many people would be unaware that they have HIV, therefore may unintentionally transmit the disease to other people.
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HIV: Where In Our Body Does This Virus Live?
Where in our body does HIV live? HIV is not visible to the human eye, but it lives in our body fluid (saliva, blood, sperm). How is the virus spread to other people? HIV is spread through mixing saliva, blood or sperm most commonly through sexual relationships. Even the smallest quantity of blood can contain a huge number of the HIV micro-organisms. 2:57
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HIV: Can We See This Virus In Our Body?
Can we recognise a victim of HIV by their physical appearance? No. The physical appearance of someone with HIV is no different because the virus can stay inside the body for a long time before it turns into AIDS and starts to take serious effect on one’s health. Discusses how to be tested for HIV, the way HIV/AIDS is transmitted and how to avoid the spread of HIV/AIDS. 4:57
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What methods can we use to prevent HIV ?
Discusses methods of combatting HIV 13:47
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What does the name HIV mean ? 1
Definition of the term HIV in Yolngu matha. H (Yolngu’yulŋu mala), I (rumbal djägamirri mala walal gan yalŋithirra), V (nhänhamiriw warrakan mala). 1:41
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What does the name HIV mean ? 2
HIV- Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Definition of the term HIV in Yolngu matha again, followed by a brief dialogue describing what a virus is and how HIV attacks and weakens the body. 1:24
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What does the name AIDS mean ?
AIDS stands for four English words - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. The meaning of these four words are then explained in Yolŋu Matha.1:56
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HIV: Don't bring sickness home from your travels
When you visit other communities to see distant families, make sure not to bring sickness back to your home.0:53
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HIV: Don't play around when traveling and bring sickness home.
When visiting big cities like Darwin, Alice, Katherine, Sydney, Melbourne or anywhere else, or travel overseas, make sure not to risk bringing back HIV/AIDS back to your own home
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HIV: If you travel to Darwin 1
When you go to other big cities or anywhere else do not commit adultery and risk bringing back sickness to your home. 0:45
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HIV: If you travel to Darwin 2
When you go to other big cities or overseas, do not bring back HIV (AIDS) sickness to your wife or your husband. 0:43
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Sexual Health: HIV/AIDS
Talking about HIV/AIDS and how it is transmitted 10:22
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Hepatitis
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Hepatitis 01 of 03 Introduction to Hepatitis
This program introduces the meaning of Hepatitis as the ‘sickness of the liver’. Discusses where the liver is in our bodies and nearby structures – the gall bladder and biliary ducts. Includes Yolŋu knowledge regarding the gall bladder and liver, eg that the gall bladder is not good to eat because it is bitter. The physiology of the liver is explained. Hepatitis means the liver can’t do its work properly. Bilirubin is introduced. It stays in our bodies when the liver isn’t working properly. Some symptoms of Hepatitis are then introduced in the context of the dysfunction of the liver – yellow eyes, tiredness, loss of appetite, light coloured faeces, etc. 14:54
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Hepatitis 02 of 03 Hepatitis A, B & C
This program explains the different causes of the hepatitis A, B and C viruses. For each virus, descriptions are given of how the virus is transmitted eg. faecally contaminated water; direct blood transmission (through cuts etc); injections with used needles; sexual transmission; mother to baby; traditional cutting implements during funerals . It is explained that the viruses travel through our blood to our liver, making the liver sick. These transmission pathways are discussed using culturally appropriate euphemisms where necessary. If we go to the clinic we can get checked and find out which virus is making us sick. 11:04
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Hepatitis 03 of 03 Hepatitis Carriers
This program explains the concept of a hepatitis virus “carrier” – that is, that some people can have the virus in their blood, but feel well and not have any of the symptoms. White blood cells are introduced to explain that our bodies fight the infection to some degree but can’t get rid of it all together. This is why we need to be careful of blood and during sexual activities (wear a condom), as someone might give us the virus without us knowing. IT explains some long-term complications of being a carrier, such as liver cancer or liver failure. 11:20
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What is Hepatitis
Gives a general explanation of Hepatitis 12:00
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What is Hepatitis
Gives a more in-depth explanation of Hepatitis 18:04
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What will cause Hepatitis ? Part A
Gives a general explanation of how Hepatitis is transmitted 12:15
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What will cause Hepatitis ? Part B
Gives a general explanation of how Hepatitis is transmitted 9:34
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How much Hepatits A is there in Arnhemland and how is it transmitted ?
Gives a general explanation of Hepatitis A in Arnhemland 10:18
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How much Hepatits B is there in Arnhemland
Gives a general explanation of Hepatitis B in Arnhemland 9:48
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More about Hepatitis B
Gives a general explanation of Hepatitis B in Arnhemland 12:38
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Hepatitis C Discussion : What is it ?
A general discussion of Hepatitis C in Arnhemland 24:34
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Hepatitis C story - part A
Explaining the lifecycle of Hepatitis C 9:25
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Hepatitis C story - part B
Explaining the lifecycle of Hepatitis C 6:03
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Function of the Liver
Explains how Hepatitis afects liver functioning 20:01 |
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